Arab news media
Islam and feminism are not incompatible, according to Moroccan doctor and writer Asma Lamrabet. She founded a working group for women's issues and intercultural dialogue in Rabat in 2004. The initiative has now become well-known throughout the Arab world, as well as in some Western countries. Lamrabet is a diplomat's wife from a well-heeled suburb of Rabat. In theory, she could simply spend her time organizing garden parties, but she is not interested in the rituals of the Moroccan jet set. A qualified medic, Lamrabet works in a hospital every day. When she comes home, she sits at her desk and writes books about feminism and Islam as well as organizing Koran workshops on the subject.
The position of women is grim in all Muslim and Arab countries, Lamrabet says, and that a greater appreciation of women within Islam is needed. This means re-reading the texts and identifying previous interpretations for what they are: macho and patriarchal.
Such provocative statements, which can be read in more detail in her three books, have won Lamrabet increasing numbers of followers: men as well as women. Whether engineers, school inspectors, lawyers or students, they all share the same interest. They are dissatisfied with the dominant Islamic discourse increasingly spread by the pan-Arab media.
The main problem with the dominant Islamic discourse is that women are always reduced to some function or another, Lamrabet claims: A woman is either a mother, a wife, a sister or a daughter. She is never presented as an individual, as a free, autonomous being. But the Koran portrays women as human beings, she says, and seeing women as human beings also means recognizing their right to freedom and autonomy.
In the working group for women's issues and intercultural dialogue, interested women and men test the Koran for its egalitarian potential. Lamrabet believes the Islamic teachings are more sympathetic to women than generally recognized. Islam does not have a creation myth portraying women simply as appendages of men. The Islamic Adam, according to Lamrabet, is simply a human being. In the Koran, Adam has no gender.
The group also includes lawyer Rachida Ait Himmich. She is a member of a secular left-wing party. Being both secular and Muslim is not a contradiction for Ait Himmich. She says she can live out the various sides of her identity in the group. She can be a Muslim woman and at the same time feel free. She can embrace universal ethical values as well as the human values handed down by Islam, seeing it as a case of re-reading the Koran.
In their group studies, Lamrabet and her fellow campaigners acknowledge the traditional Islamic interpretations as well as the particular historical contexts. For her, although the Koran is indeed the word of God, the teachings are only ever in practice experienced within a specific social and political context.
Many conservative scholars of Islamic law see such an approach as blasphemy.
Between growing religious fanaticism in the Arabic and Islamic worlds, and increasing Islamophobia in the West, Lamrabet and her feminist-Muslim working group are arguing the case for a so-called "Third Way": a modern approach combining universal, humanistic ethics with the humanitarian ideals of Islam.
To date, this Third Way has had no majority appeal in Arab and Muslim societies. The criticism comes from various directions. Conservative Muslims accuse Lamrabet and her group of lacking the necessary theological competence to interpret the sacred texts correctly.
More secularly-orientated critics claim her approach to the Koran is not historical and that she does not speak out strongly enough against polygamy and violence toward women.
Lamrabet points to the constitution of the working group for women's issues and intercultural dialogue, which has just become accepted as a registered association. The document is vague however, like much of what Lamrabet says and writes. Her books are eloquent and passionate, but conceptually and in terms of methodology, the treatises have many weak points.
At times, they border on the kind of Islamic fundamentalist propaganda similar to Moroccan Islamic political activist, Nadia Yassine. Lamrabet's treatment of her central subject, cultural identity, is based on a notion of identity now seen as antiquated in the relevant sociological debates. By clinging to a notional unambiguous Islamic identity, Lamrabet is positioning herself closer to political Islam propagandists. The catchy concept of a Third Way cannot alter this.
However, the verve with which Lamrabet and her fellow campaigners are fighting for a new, more humanitarian Islam is remarkable. The positive resonance among young Muslim women shows once more that Islamic feminism is no longer a marginal issue, and that this development may form the impetus for an open discourse on Islam and society.
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Martina Sabra is a correspondent for Qantara.de. This article is distributed by the Common Ground News Service (CGNews).
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