ANDREW E. HARROD
April 12, 2013
On March 21, 2013, the United Nation's observed its annual
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination,
commemorating the anniversary of the 1960 apartheid massacre in
Sharpeville, South Africa. Attempting to draw a parallel with the
massacre, the Non-Governmental-Organization (NGO) grouping
European Network Against Racism (ENAR) issued its
Racism in Europe: ENAR Shadow Report 2011-12 on racism in Europe the week earlier. In the report's associated
Key Findings on Muslim Communities and Islamophobia, ENAR, an entity linked on its website to George Soros'
Open Society Foundations,
calls upon European Union (EU) institutions to "recognize Islamophobia
as a specific form of racism." ENAR's cavalier invocation as "racism"
of what has been analyzed as an
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) developed "
thought crime of the totalitarian future" portends problematical developments with respect to the treatment of Islam amidst its critics in Europe.
Relating "racism" to Islam asks the obvious, "are Muslims a race?" The Shadow Report does little to clarify the confusion,
stating
(page 2) that "Islamophobia describes an irrational fear, prejudice and
hatred towards Islam, Muslims or Islamic culture." ENAR thus condemns
not just animus against Muslim individuals, but also any undefined
"irrational" opposition to Islam as an idea in faith or culture.
Accordingly, the report condemns as "Islamophobia" (13) not simply
"criminal damage to Islamic buildings and violence against Muslims" but
also "opposition to, as well as protests against, the building of
mosques," irrespective of any individual criticism of such mosques like
the proposed
New York City Ground Zero Mosque.
The Shadow Report similarly bemoans the poor public relations (PR)
image concerning Islam and Muslims in Europe. While noting (4) that the
"news media plays a critical role in shaping public opinion," the
Shadow Report declares without any empirical substantiation that "news
reporting of ethnic minorities...is generally negative and distorted."
The report complains of a "tendency for the media to blame migrants and
asylum seekers for high rates of unemployment and criminality."
In contrast, the Shadow Report recommends (5) that supposedly
objective journalists "[u]se positive terminology and encourage positive
media reporting about ethnic and religious minorities and migrants to
emphasize their economic, social and cultural contributions to European
societies." This would be part of what the report (5) describes as a
desired "ethical journalism, protective of values such as equality and
dignity." Similarly (6), the report calls upon authorities to "[r]eview
school curricula to ensure that they take into consideration the
presence of minorities and migrants and their contribution to culture
and society, and contribute to overcoming stereotypes and promoting
inclusion."
While promoting positive speech about Islam and Muslims along with
other minority groups, the Shadow Report disturbingly calls for
restricting negative speech on these matters. The Key Findings and the
report (5) both advocate a "courageous approach to tackling hate speech
and racist rhetoric in the public discourse" and a "zero tolerance
policy to stigmatizing comments and terminology likely to incite
violence, racism or other forms of discrimination." While most EU
members (4) "have legal provisions in place for tackling hate
speech...in some cases they are insufficient or ineffective."
Thus the report, in reiterating this charge on page 30, states that
"[i]n some cases measures still need to be brought in." In particular,
the report (5) deems "regulation of the internet" as "seriously
inadequate and often completely lacking" even though "[s]ocial media and
social networking sites have become a growing space for disseminating
xenophobic, Islamophobic and racist discourse." EU members should
accordingly "[r]einforce legislation to monitor hate on the internet and
in the media."
The report (30) identifies Austrian politicians, "particularly from
far-right parties," as "regular perpetrators of hate speech." The
report references the
October 14, 2011, acquittal of the
provincial Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partie Österreichs or FPÖ) chairman in Styria, Gerhard Kurzmann, of incitement charges. The Styria FPÖ had posted on its website a game entitled
Moschee Baba
(Austrian slang for "Mosque Goodbye") in which players targeted
mosques, minarets, and muezzins on screen, something that brought
prosecution accusations of replicating a
shooting gallery.
The Shadow Report finds that this case "demonstrates the difficulty in
successfully prosecuting hate speech in Austria, especially when the
perpetrator is a public figure."
The Shadow Report raises several troubling questions with its vague
and often unverified assertions. The report's reference to "positive
media" about minorities such as Muslims raises suspicions about
journalists going out of their way to spin news in a manner pleasing to
Muslims. Such was the case with an
October 6, 2001, resolution
passed by the National Convention of the Society of Professional
Journalists in the wake of the 9/11 attacks the previous month. Among
other things, the resolution called for avoidance of "misleading" terms
such as "Islamic terrorist" or "Muslim extremist" that "link whole
religions to criminal activity" as well as "jihad", a term whose "basic
meaning" was "to exert oneself for the good of Islam and to better
oneself." The resolution also called for any "writing about
terrorism...to include white supremacist, radical anti-abortionists and
other groups with a history of such activity." On the other hand, the
Associated Press (AP) in 2012 eliminated as inaccurate ENAR's vaunted
"Islamophobia" along with other forms of "phobia" such as "Homophobia"
from the
AP Style Book.
Irrespective of spin, journalists seeking to portray Muslim
communities in Europe positively will often have a difficult task. One
recent news report,
for example, stated that about 80% of Germany's 2.5 million citizens of
Turkish ancestry live from state welfare benefits, with most of them
poorly integrated into Germany society. Dutch politician Geert Wilders,
meanwhile, internationally known for his condemnation of Islam,
extensively documents in his book
Marked for Death: Islam's War against the West and Me problems of deficient Muslim migrant assimilation into European society.
Careless "inclusion" of Muslims in school curricula can also present
problems. The American organization Act for America, for example, has
documented in a
229-page report
an "historical revisionism" in American school textbooks "that
seriously misrepresented the history and doctrines of Islam." A
2007 report on British schools,
meanwhile, noted reticence on the part of some British teachers to
treat the Holocaust for fear of encountering student Muslim
anti-Semitism.
However politically correct, pro-Islam bias might distort academia or
the media, in the hands of the law such favoritism can actually result
in punishment for individuals not favorably inclined towards Islam. The
Shadow Report complains of "insufficient" repression of "Islamophobia",
yet recent history shows just how busy European prosecutors have been
in pursuing a "zero tolerance policy" against even "stigmatizing" speech
concerning Islam and Muslims.
Imran Firasat,
Lars Hedegaard,
Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff, and
Wilders
can all personally testify that legal authorities throughout Europe
have not been negligent, to quote President Barack Obama, in seeking out
those "
who slander the prophet of Islam"
and his followers. The previous writings as well of this author on
individuals running afoul of European law for criticizing Islam (see
here,
here,
here,
here,
here, and
here)
also do not indicate any need for stricter restrictions of speech
concerning Islam. Rather, they are being used as a weapon as against
free and open debate.
Whether intentional or not, the Shadow Report manifests intellectual
sloppiness in dealing with European minority communities such as
Muslims. Instead of emphasizing academic and media accuracy concerning
these communities, the report simply diffusely calls for not necessarily
substantiated "positive" coverage of these groups. Nor does the
report's treatment of free speech distinguish between statements
attacking individual Muslims purely on their religious practices and
open debate over the nature of Islam and the role of Muslims along with
other groups in Europe. The Shadow Report's recommendations, for
example, would only call into question yet more concerning Islam, such
as
stickers with crossed-out mosque images.
Such politically- and legally-authorized feel-good fuzziness can only
complicate future discussions of these important matters.
Andrew E. Harrod serves as a Legal Clerk for The Legal Project,
an activity of the Middle East Forum. Mr. Harrod is also a freelance
researcher and writer who holds a PhD from the Fletcher School of Law
and Diplomacy and a JD from George Washington University Law School.
This article was commissioned by The Legal Project.
Read more:
Family Security Matters http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/shadowing-europe-with-the-islamophobia-canard?f=must_reads#ixzz2QGDrDlp4
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